These include Silver's extensive use of blues-and-gospel-based motifs Brown's embrace of half-valve effects and smears, soon to be developed further by Lee Morgan and Blakey's stripped-down, visceral take on the complexities of bop drumming as exemplified by Max Roach.

Some key characteristics of hard bop's foundational aesthetic are already in place. Recorded in early 1954, on the cusp of bop morphing into hard bop, A Night At Birdland presents four key players in that transitiontrumpeter Clifford Brown, alto saxophonist Lou Donaldson, pianist Horace Silver and drummer Art Blakey the group's bassist, Curley Russell, continued to be more closely aligned with bop. That is why this article is titled Ten Essential Live Albums not The Ten Essential Live Albums. HARD BOP: TEN ESSENTIAL LIVE ALBUMS There are of course more than ten essential live hard-bop albums. Hopefully you will find an item or two you are not familiar with, or whose glories you have perhaps forgotten. Six of them recorded in New York City (at Birdland, Café Bohemia, Five Spot, Village Vanguard, Carnegie Hall and Village Gate), and four of them on the Coast (at San Francisco's Jazz Workshop and Blackhawk and Hermosa Beach's Lighthouse). It is a feast alright and here are ten of the greatest live albums from hard bop's purple period. And all manner of cross fertilization between the sub-genres. Then there was the soul jazz of organists such as Jimmy Smith and Jack McDuff, related to hard bop but distinct from it.

And experimentalists such as saxophonists John Coltrane and Sonny Rollins and pianists Thelonious Monk and Andrew Hill. And lyricists such as trumpeter Art Farmer and saxophonists Benny Golson and Gigi Gryce. And menacing prowlers such as trumpeters Lee Morgan and Freddie Hubbard. Alongside Blakey and Silver's strand were more astringent stylists such as pianist Elmo Hope and saxophonists Tina Brooks and Jackie McLean. Hard bop ruled the inner-city jazz world from the mid 1950s through the early 1960s but it was never one-size-fits-all. To which his partner in funk, the blues-and-gospel referencing pianist Horace Silver, added that 'meaningful simplicity' should be a cornerstone of the music. So said drummer and hard bop pioneer Art Blakey in an interview with David Rosenthal in the 1980s. You got to know how to make the two meet.'

Play from the heart, not from your brain. You're supposed to make them turn around, pat their feet. Music is supposed to wash away the dust of everyday life.

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